Introduction In the modern digital age, our lives are increasingly intertwined with the online world. We shop, bank, communicate, and share sensitive information over the internet. With this rapid expansion of online activity, the need for security and trust in digital interactions has become paramount. Digital certificates, often operating behind the scenes, are the unsung heroes of the digital realm. They are the foundational elements that enable secure and trustworthy online communication. In this article, we will explore the world of digital certificates, understanding what they are, how they work,…